The Modular Aerial Fire Fighting System (MAFFS) is a game-changer in the fight against wildfires. It transforms military transport aircraft, like the C-130 Hercules, into powerful water bombers capable of battling massive wildfires. David Sarnoff, Executive Director of the MAFFS program, recently shared insights with Simple Flying about how this innovative system works and why it’s so vital.
What is MAFFS and How Does It Work?
MAFFS is a portable, roll-on, roll-off system that can be installed in a military transport aircraft within just a few hours, with no permanent changes needed to the aircraft’s structure. The system includes a nozzle, a tank for water or fire retardant, and a door plug to fit under the aircraft’s jumpmaster door. Once installed, the aircraft can fly low over wildfires and precisely drop large amounts of fire retardant to slow down the fire’s spread.
According to the US Forest Service, MAFFS-equipped planes can release up to 3,000 gallons of fire retardant in less than five seconds, covering an area as large as a quarter-mile long and 100 feet wide. Refilling the system takes just 12 minutes, allowing planes to make multiple drops in one day.
How MAFFS Supports Firefighting Teams
David Sarnoff explained that MAFFS is most effective when used in coordination with ground crews. The planes drop retardant ahead of advancing flames, creating firebreaks that ground teams can reinforce by clearing brush and other fuel sources. This combination strategy helps contain and eventually extinguish wildfires.
Importantly, MAFFS-equipped aircraft are called into action only when traditional firefighting resources, such as dedicated water bombers operated by Cal Fire and private contractors, are fully committed.
Efficient Refueling and Reloading
Sarnoff described the MAFFS refueling and reloading process as similar to a “pit stop.” Multiple compressors and hoses are stationed at refueling bases, allowing aircraft to quickly load retardant and take off again. This efficient process ensures maximum sorties during daylight hours, as fixed-wing aircraft cannot operate in darkness—only helicopters can.
Training and Support for MAFFS Operations
MAFFS provides comprehensive training for pilots, loadmasters, and maintenance crews. This includes classroom and hands-on training for maintenance personnel, flight training for pilots, and even virtual reality (VR) training modules. The system comes with all necessary ground service equipment, including a trailer for transport, a door plug cart, and a mobile mixing station to prepare the fire retardant.
Where Is MAFFS Being Used?
Several US Air National Guard units operate MAFFS-equipped C-130s, including:
- 146th Airlift Wing, California Air National Guard (Port Hueneme)
- 152nd Airlift Wing, Nevada Air National Guard (Reno)
- 153rd Airlift Wing, Wyoming Air National Guard (Cheyenne)
- 302nd Airlift Wing, Air Force Reserve (Peterson AFB, Colorado)
In addition to the US, other countries have adopted MAFFS for their air forces. For example:
- Brazil and Colombia use MAFFS on C-130s and KC-390s.
- Slovenia has equipped its C-27J Spartans with the MAFFS II system, a more advanced version with larger capacity tanks.
Could MAFFS Be Used on Larger Aircraft?
There is ongoing discussion about fitting MAFFS to larger aircraft, such as the C-17 Globemaster III. The C-17’s cargo capacity of 170,900 pounds is about four times greater than the C-130J, making it a potentially valuable firefighting asset. However, developing a C-17-compatible MAFFS kit would require a contract from the US Air Force.
Why MAFFS Is Crucial in Fighting Wildfires
MAFFS provides flexibility and scalability, making it a vital tool for responding to large-scale wildfires. With its ability to convert existing military aircraft into firefighting planes, it ensures that air support is available even when traditional water bombers are fully committed. As wildfires grow more frequent and intense, systems like MAFFS offer a lifeline to communities under threat.
MAFFS continues to evolve, with the MAFFS II version offering increased capacity and enhanced capabilities. The system’s portability, quick deployment, and seamless integration with military transport planes make it a reliable asset in wildfire management worldwide.