Fairchild is one of the oldest and most influential aircraft manufacturers, credited with shaping both private and military aviation. Though the company no longer operates independently—having been acquired by M7 Aerospace and later by Elbit Systems—its groundbreaking designs have left an indelible mark on the aviation industry.
From the pioneering Fairchild FC-2 to the iconic A-10 Warthog, Fairchild’s innovations laid the foundation for modern aviation, especially in the business and light aircraft sectors.
This article explores the history of Fairchild and its most impactful aircraft designs, highlighting how its legacy continues to influence aviation today.
The Genius Behind Fairchild: Sherman Fairchild
Sherman Fairchild, born in 1896 in Oneonta, New York, was a prolific inventor and entrepreneur. The son of George Winthrop Fairchild, a U.S. congressman and IBM co-founder, Sherman inherited his father’s estate in 1924. However, even before this, he had already begun shaping the future of aviation.
In 1915, while studying at Harvard University, Sherman invented the first synchronized camera shutter and flash system. Despite battling tuberculosis and being unable to serve in World War I, he developed a specialized camera for aerial photography. This innovation allowed for clear images to be taken from moving aircraft, paving the way for aerial surveying and reconnaissance.
Iconic Fairchild Aircraft
The Fairchild FC-1: Aerial Photography Pioneer
In 1925, Sherman founded the Fairchild Aviation Corporation, recognizing that existing aircraft were unsuitable for aerial photography. The Fairchild FC-1 was the first plane designed specifically for this purpose.
Key features of the FC-1 included:
- High-Wing Design: Enhanced visibility for aerial photographers.
- Interchangeable Landing Gear: Allowed the plane to operate on wheels, floats, or skis.
- Folding Wings: Simplified transport and storage.
The FC-1’s successor, the FC-2, became a versatile workhorse for remote operations. Its adaptability inspired modern seaplanes used for research, firefighting, and access to remote locations.
The Fairchild M-62 (PT-19): Training the Next Generation
In 1936, Sherman reorganized Fairchild Aviation into the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Company. During World War II, the company introduced the Fairchild M-62, later designated the PT-19, as a primary training aircraft.
Notable features included:
- Low-Wing Design: Improved cockpit visibility for novice pilots.
- Ranger Engine: A narrower profile compared to radial engines.
The PT-19 became a favorite in military and civilian pilot training programs, solidifying Fairchild’s role in aviation education.
The C-119 Flying Boxcar: A Utility Powerhouse
Fairchild’s commitment to utility led to the creation of the C-119 Flying Boxcar, developed during World War II. This twin-engine, twin-boom aircraft was designed to transport large cargo, including vehicles and heavy equipment.
Key highlights of the C-119:
- Massive Cargo Space: Equivalent to a standard railway boxcar.
- Twin-Hinged Rear Doors: Allowed easy loading and unloading.
The C-119’s versatility ensured its continued use in civilian and military operations long after the war.
The F-27 and FH-227: Business Aviation Pioneers
In 1956, Fairchild licensed the design of the Fokker F27 Friendship, producing it as the Fairchild F-27 for the U.S. market. This aircraft introduced features like cabin pressurization and air conditioning, making it ideal for short-haul passenger flights.
Fairchild expanded on this design with the FH-227, which offered:
- Increased Passenger Capacity: Up to 40 seats.
- Enhanced Comfort: Air conditioning and weather radar.
These aircraft paved the way for modern private jets, combining utility with passenger comfort.
The A-10 Thunderbolt (Warthog): A Battlefield Legend
Designed shortly after Sherman Fairchild’s death in 1971, the A-10 Thunderbolt II, also known as the Warthog, epitomizes Fairchild’s focus on practicality. This close air support aircraft was built for durability and firepower.
Notable achievements of the A-10:
- Durability: Self-sealing fuel tanks and redundant systems allowed it to survive severe damage.
- Firepower: Armed with a GAU-8 Avenger rotary cannon, it was devastating against tanks and armored vehicles.
During Operation Desert Storm, the A-10 destroyed 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 vehicles, and 1,200 artillery pieces, cementing its reputation as a flying tank.
Business Aviation Legacy: The Fairchild Dornier 328JET
The Fairchild Dornier 328JET, introduced in 1998, transformed business aviation. With quieter turbofan engines and extended range, it provided a smoother, more comfortable ride for passengers. Its 1,700-mile range with optional fuel tanks made it ideal for regional and business travel.
The 328JET remains in use today, showcasing Fairchild’s lasting influence on modern aviation.
From aerial photography pioneers to military icons and business aviation trailblazers, Fairchild Aviation has consistently pushed the boundaries of innovation.
While the company now exists as part of Elbit Systems, its legacy continues to shape the aviation industry, proving that bold ideas can take flight and soar for generations.
FAQ
1. Who founded Fairchild Aviation?
Sherman Fairchild, an inventor and photographer, founded Fairchild Aviation in 1925 to create aircraft tailored for aerial photography and surveying.
2. What is the significance of the Fairchild FC-1?
The FC-1 was the first aircraft designed specifically for aerial photography, featuring innovative design elements like folding wings and interchangeable landing gear.
3. How did the PT-19 contribute to aviation?
The PT-19 was a widely used training aircraft during World War II, known for its low-wing design and excellent visibility for novice pilots.
4. What is the A-10 Warthog famous for?
The A-10 Thunderbolt II is renowned for its close air support capabilities, durability, and powerful rotary cannon, making it a legend in modern military aviation.
5. How did Fairchild influence business aviation?
Fairchild’s F-27 and FH-227 introduced features like cabin pressurization and air conditioning to short-haul flights, setting the stage for modern private jets.